Despite the discouraging state of many ecosystems, Wilson has continued to think deeply and constructively about a variety of intellectual problems. In Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998), he delves into the philosophy of knowledge and science, arguing for the unification of the humanities and sciences into a coherent body of knowledge. He suggests a closer examination of possible evolutionary origins and functions of morality, the arts, and religion. He strongly believes that our attaining a unity of knowledge is an essential task in humanity's path towards intelluctual enlightenment and living in a non-destructive relationship with the natural world. The humanities and sciences are interrelated and humanity and the natural world are intertwined — distancing ourselves from our human nature, can only cause future human suffering.

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